Knowledge Handbook of Pneumonia Prevention and Control for New Coronavirus Infection (3)

Part III Prevention and Control Knowledge21. What are the main monitoring measures for the pneumonia
caused by the novel coronavirus?
In the course of pneumonia monitoring and daily diagnosis and
treatment of 2019-nCoV infection, medical institutions at all
levels and of various types should enhance the awareness of
diagnosis and reporting of pneumonia cases of 2019-nCoV
infection. For cases with fever, cough and other symptoms of
unknown causes, they should pay attention to inquiring about
the suspected exposure history within 14 days before the onset
of the disease, the history of contact with wild animals, and the
history of close contact with similar cases.
22. How to prevent the novel coronavirus infection?
(1) Make efforts to prevent respiratory infectious disease in
winter and spring
It is presently in the high-incidence season of the winter and
spring infectious diseases, the public should enhance healthawareness, do more exercise, have a regular work and rest to
improve their immunity.
Keep proper indoor ventilation, avoid poorly ventilated and
crowded places; medical masks shall be worn when going out.
Wash hands and nose when coming home. If fever and other
respiratory symptoms, especially persistent fever occurs, go to
hospitals as soon as possible.
(2) Wear medical masks correctly
Wearing medical masks is an effective way of interrupting
respiratory droplets transmission. Medical masks can prevent
respiratory diseases properly. When wearing disposable medical
masks, fully unfold folded surface, and cover mouth, nose, and
lower jaw entirely, then compress nose clip, so masks and face
are in full contact with each other.
Wash hands before wearing medical masks or avoid touching
the inner side of masks while wearing masks to reduce maskspollution risk. Distinguish the inside and outside and up and
down of masks, i.e., the light surface is the inside of masks, which
closes to mouth and nose, and the dark surface is the outside of
masks; the metal strip (nose clip) side is the upside of masks.
Replace masks regularly; avoid wearing reversely, and even both
sides.
(3) Wash hands properly
Remember to wash hands before eating, after toilet, coming
home, coming into contact with garbage and touching animals.
When washing hands, use running water and soap (liquid soap),
with no less than 15 seconds for rubbing hands.
For the convenience of memory, rubbing steps are as follows.
- Both hands rub with palm to palm
- Both hands cross and rub with palm to hand back
- Fingers cross and rub with palm to palm- Fingers entwine and rub rotationally
- Rub hands rotationally with thumb in the palm
- Rub hands with fingertip in the palm
- Wash wrist
23. What should be paid special attention to when coming into
contact with animals?
Avoid coming into contact with wild livestock, wildlife, and their
droppings and secretions, and avoid the purchase of live poultry
and wildlife. Avoid visiting animal farms and slaughterhouses,
live poultry and animal markets or stalls, wildlife habitats and so
forth. People, especially occupationally exposed persons must
take precautions when having to go the places mentioned
above,. Avoid eating wild animals.
24. When there are fever, cough and other symptoms, do you
have to go to the hospital?
The symptoms such as pharyngeal pain, cough, nasal congestion,runny nose, sneezing, and so on may occur in the common cold,
influenza, acute upper respiratory tract infection, pharyngitis,
bronchitis, and tonsillitis. When the above symptoms appear, it is
generally a common respiratory tract infection. However, the
patients infected with the 2019-nCoV mainly have fever, fatigue,
and dry cough with less symptoms of the upper respiratory tract
such as nasal congestion, runny nose.
When a person has fever, cough, and other symptoms, and
cannot accurately judge by himself, it is recommended to make a
decision based on the WeDoctor's Digital general hospital online
consultation. At present, hospitals in some cities gather a large
number of patients with respiratory diseases. If they go to the
hospital directly, they cannot effectively obtain useful
information and are prone to get cross-infection.